Fradita
Ajeng Dayuwati
14214364
1EA13
Indirect
Speech
Indirect speech , also called reported speech or indirect
discourse , is a means of expressing the content of
statements, questions or other utterances , without quoting
them explicitly as is done in direct speech . For example,
He
said "I'm coming" is direct speech, whereas He
said (that)
he was coming is indirect speech. Indirect speech should not
be confused with indirect speech acts .
1.
Statement
He
said, “we will go to Singapore tomorrow”
He
said that they would go to Singapore the next day.
Bob
said, ” I’m a university
student”
Bob
said that he was a university student.
2.
Command
He
told me, “wait for me !”
He
told me to wait for him.
She
told me, “don’t cheat anymore !”
She
told me not to cheat anymore.
3.
Question
Ina
asked me, “Do you really love me?”
Ina
asked me if/whether I really loved her.
Tenses
|
No
|
DIRECT
|
INDIRECT
|
|
1
|
Simple Present
|
Simple past
|
|
2
|
Present
Continuous
|
Past Continuous
|
|
3
|
Present Perfect
|
Past Perfect
|
|
4
|
Present Perfect Continous
|
Past Perfect
Continous
|
|
5
|
Simple Past
|
Past Perfect
|
|
6
|
Past continuous
|
Past continuous
|
|
7
|
Past perfect
|
Past perfect
|
|
8
|
Past perfect
continuous
|
Past perfect continuous
|
|
9
|
Simple Future
|
Past Future
|
|
10
|
Future Continuous
|
Past future
continuous
|
|
11
|
Future Perfect
|
Past Future
Perfect
|
|
12
|
Future Perfect
Continuous
|
Past Future
Perfect Continuous
|
Adverb of
Time
|
No
|
DIRECT
|
INDIRECT
|
|
1
|
Now
|
Then
|
|
2
|
Tomorrow
|
The following day
|
|
3
|
Yesterday
|
The day before
|
|
4
|
Next week
|
The following week
|
|
5
|
Tonight/Today
|
That night/That day
|
|
6
|
Here
|
There
|
|
7
|
This
|
That
|
|
8
|
These
|
Those
|
Example:
1. Present Tense in the Direct becomes
past tense.
Direct Speech : Johnsi said, “I write a
letter”.
Indirect Speech : Johnsi said that she
wrote a letter.
2. Past Tense in the direct becomes past
perfect or remains unchanged.
Direct Speech : Angel said, “I brought a
pen yesterday”.
Indirect Speech : Angel said that she had
bought a pen the day before.
3. Present Continuous in the direct
becomes past continuous.
Direct Speech : John said, “I am going to
church”.
Indirect Speech : John said that he was
going to church.
4. Past Continuous in the direct becomes
past perfect continuous.
Direct Speech : Nelson said, “I was
playing cricket”.
Indirect Speech : Nelson said that he had
been playing cricket.
5. Present Perfect in the direct becomes
past perfect.
Direct Speech : Kamal said, “I have done
my home work”.
Indirect Speech : Nelson said that he had
done his home work.
6. Present Perfect Continuous in the
direct becomes past perfect continuous.
Direct Speech : He said, “I have been
reading a novel”.
Indirect Speech : He said that he had
been reading a novel.
7. simple present tense becomes simple past tense.
Direct Speech : He said, “I am unwell.”
Indirect Speech : He said that he was unwell.
8. ‘Will’ and ‘Shall’ are changed to ‘would’.
Direct Speech : He said, “I will go to
London tomorrow”.
Indirect Speech : He said that he would go
to London the next day.
