Tugas Bahasa Inggris (Indirect speech)

Fradita Ajeng Dayuwati

14214364

1EA13

Indirect Speech

Indirect speech , also called reported speech or indirect

discourse , is a means of expressing the content of

statements, questions or other utterances , without quoting

them explicitly as is done in direct speech . For example, He

said "I'm coming" is direct speech, whereas He said (that)

he was coming is indirect speech. Indirect speech should not

be confused with indirect speech acts .

1. Statement

He said, “we will go to Singapore tomorrow”

He said that they would go to Singapore the next day.

Bob said, ” I’m a university student”

Bob said that he was a university student.

2. Command

He told me, “wait for me !”

He told me to wait for him.

She told me, “don’t cheat anymore !”

She told me not to cheat anymore.

3. Question

Ina asked me, “Do you really love me?”

Ina asked me if/whether I really loved her.

Tenses

No	DIRECT	INDIRECT
1	Simple Present	Simple past
2	Present Continuous	Past Continuous
3	Present Perfect	Past Perfect
4	Present Perfect Continous	Past Perfect Continous
5	Simple Past	Past Perfect
6	Past continuous	Past continuous
7	Past perfect	Past perfect
8	Past perfect continuous	Past perfect continuous
9	Simple Future	Past Future
10	Future Continuous	Past future continuous
11	Future Perfect	Past Future Perfect
12	Future Perfect Continuous	Past Future Perfect Continuous

Adverb of Time

No	DIRECT	INDIRECT
1	Now	Then
2	Tomorrow	The following day
3	Yesterday	The day before
4	Next week	The following week
5	Tonight/Today	That night/That day
6	Here	There
7	This	That
8	These	Those

Example:

1. Present Tense in the Direct becomes past tense.

Direct Speech : Johnsi said, “I write a letter”.

Indirect Speech : Johnsi said that she wrote a letter.

2. Past Tense in the direct becomes past perfect or remains unchanged.

Direct Speech : Angel said, “I brought a pen yesterday”.

Indirect Speech : Angel said that she had bought a pen the day before.

3. Present Continuous in the direct becomes past continuous.

Direct Speech : John said, “I am going to church”.

Indirect Speech : John said that he was going to church.

4. Past Continuous in the direct becomes past perfect continuous.

Direct Speech : Nelson said, “I was playing cricket”.

Indirect Speech : Nelson said that he had been playing cricket.

5. Present Perfect in the direct becomes past perfect.

Direct Speech : Kamal said, “I have done my home work”.

Indirect Speech : Nelson said that he had done his home work.

6. Present Perfect Continuous in the direct becomes past perfect continuous.

Direct Speech : He said, “I have been reading a novel”.

Indirect Speech : He said that he had been reading a novel.

7. simple present tense becomes simple past tense.

Direct Speech :  He said, “I am unwell.”

Indirect Speech :  He said that he was unwell.

8. ‘Will’ and ‘Shall’ are changed to ‘would’.

Direct Speech : He said, “I will go to London tomorrow”.

Indirect Speech : He said that he would go to London the next day.